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Automatic Indexes: Automatically Rebuild Unusable Indexes Part II (“I Wish You Would”) May 11, 2022

Posted by Richard Foote in 19c, 19c New Features, Automatic Indexing, Autonomous Database, Autonomous Transaction Processing, CBO, Exadata, Full Table Scans, Local Indexes, Oracle, Oracle Blog, Oracle Cloud, Oracle Cost Based Optimizer, Oracle General, Oracle Indexes, Oracle19c, Partitioned Indexes, Partitioning, Performance Tuning, Rebuild Unusable Indexes.
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Within a few hours of publishing my last blog piece on how Automatic Indexing (AI) can automatically rebuild indexes that have been placed in an UNUSABLE state, I was asked by a couple of readers a similar question: “Does this also work if just a single partition of an partitioned index becomes unusable”?

My answer to them both is that I’ve provided them the basic framework in the demo to check out the answer to that question for themselves (Note: a fantastic aspect of working with the Oracle Database is that it’s available for free to play around with, including the Autonomous Database environments).

But based on the principle that for every time someone asks a question, there’s probably a 100 others who potentially might be wondering the same thing, thought I’ll quickly whip up a demo to answer this for all.

I’ll begin with the same table format and data as my previous blog:

SQL> CREATE TABLE big_ziggy(id number, album_id number, country_id number, release_date date,
total_sales number) PARTITION BY RANGE (release_date)
(PARTITION ALBUMS_2015 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2016', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
 PARTITION ALBUMS_2016 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2017', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
 PARTITION ALBUMS_2017 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2018', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
 PARTITION ALBUMS_2018 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2019', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
 PARTITION ALBUMS_2019 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2020', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
 PARTITION ALBUMS_2020 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2021', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
 PARTITION ALBUMS_2021 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2022', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
 PARTITION ALBUMS_2022 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE));

Table created.

SQL> INSERT INTO big_ziggy SELECT rownum, mod(rownum,5000)+1, mod(rownum,100)+1, sysdate-mod(rownum,2800),
ceil(dbms_random.value(1,500000)) FROM dual CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 10000000;

10000000 rows created.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=> null, tabname=> 'BIG_ZIGGY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

But this time, I’ll run a number of queries similar to the following, that also has a predicate based on the partitioned key (RELEASE_DATE) of the table:

SQL> select * FROM big_ziggy where release_date = '01-JUN-2017' and total_sales = 123456;

no rows selected

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3599046327

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation              | Name      | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU) | Time     | Pstart | Pstop |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|  0 | SELECT STATEMENT       |           |    1 |    26 |    1051 (2) | 00:00:01 |        |       |
|  1 | PARTITION RANGE SINGLE |           |    1 |    26 |    1051 (2) | 00:00:01 |      3 |     3 |
|* 2 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL     | BIG_ZIGGY |    1 |    26 |    1051 (2) | 00:00:01 |      3 |     3 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

2 - storage(("TOTAL_SALES"=123456 AND "RELEASE_DATE"=TO_DATE('2017-06-01 00:00:00', 'syyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')))
    filter(("TOTAL_SALES"=123456 AND "RELEASE_DATE"=TO_DATE('2017-06-01 00:00:00', 'syyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')))

Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0 recursive calls
          0 db block gets
       5618 consistent gets
          0 physical reads
          0 redo size
        676 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
         41 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          1 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0 sorts (memory)
          0 sorts (disk)
          0 rows processed

 

If we wait for the next AI task to kick in:

DBMS_AUTO_INDEX.REPORT_LAST_ACTIVITY()
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Activity start              : 11-MAY-2022 10:55:43
Activity end                : 11-MAY-2022 10:56:27
Executions completed        : 1
Executions interrupted      : 0
Executions with fatal error : 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY (AUTO INDEXES)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index candidates                             : 0
Indexes created (visible / invisible)        : 1 (1 / 0)
Space used (visible / invisible)             : 192.94 MB (192.94 MB / 0 B)
Indexes dropped                              : 0
SQL statements verified                      : 6
SQL statements improved (improvement factor) : 3 (6670.1x)
SQL plan baselines created                   : 0
Overall improvement factor                   : 2x
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY (MANUAL INDEXES)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unused indexes   : 0
Space used       : 0 B
Unusable indexes : 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

INDEX DETAILS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following indexes were created:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------
| Owner | Table     | Index                | Key                      | Type   | Properties |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| BOWIE | BIG_ZIGGY | SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar | RELEASE_DATE,TOTAL_SALES | B-TREE | LOCAL      |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

We can see that AI has indeed automatically created a LOCAL, partitioned index (on columns RELEASE_DATE, TOTAL_SALES) in this scenario, as we have an equality predicate based on the partitioned key (RELEASE_DATE).

Currently, all is well with the index, with all partitions in a USABLE state:

SQL> SELECT index_name, partitioned, auto, visibility, status FROM user_indexes WHERE table_name = 'BIG_ZIGGY';

INDEX_NAME                     PAR AUT VISIBILIT STATUS
------------------------------ --- --- --------- --------
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           YES YES VISIBLE   N/A

SQL> select index_name, partition_name, status from user_ind_partitions where index_name='SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar';

INDEX_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME       STATUS
------------------------------ -------------------- --------
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2015          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2016          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2017          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2018          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2019          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2020          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2021          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2022          USABLE

SQL> select index_name, column_name, column_position from user_ind_columns 
     where index_name='SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar';

INDEX_NAME                     COLUMN_NAME     COLUMN_POSITION
------------------------------ --------------- ---------------
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           RELEASE_DATE                  1
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           TOTAL_SALES                   2

 

But if we now do an offline reorg of a specific table partition:

SQL> alter table big_ziggy move partition albums_2017;

Table altered.

SQL> select index_name, partition_name, status from user_ind_partitions where index_name='SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar';

INDEX_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME       STATUS
------------------------------ -------------------- --------
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2015          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2016          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2017          UNUSABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2018          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2019          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2020          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2021          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2022          USABLE

 

We can see we’ve now made the associated Local Index partition UNUSABLE.

If we run the following query:

SQL> select * FROM big_ziggy where release_date = '01-JUN-2017' and total_sales = 123456;

no rows selected

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3599046327

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation              | Name      | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU) | Time     | Pstart | Pstop |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|  0 | SELECT STATEMENT       |           |    1 |    26 |     986 (2) | 00:00:01 |        |       |
|  1 | PARTITION RANGE SINGLE |           |    1 |    26 |     986 (2) | 00:00:01 |      3 |     3 |
|* 2 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL     | BIG_ZIGGY |    1 |    26 |     986 (2) | 00:00:01 |      3 |     3 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

2 - storage(("TOTAL_SALES"=123456 AND "RELEASE_DATE"=TO_DATE('2017-06-01 00:00:00', 'syyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')))
    filter(("TOTAL_SALES"=123456 AND "RELEASE_DATE"=TO_DATE('2017-06-01 00:00:00', 'syyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')))

Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          3 recursive calls
          4 db block gets
       5578 consistent gets
       5571 physical reads
        924 redo size
        676 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
         41 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          1 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0 sorts (memory)
          0 sorts (disk)
          0 rows processed

The CBO has no choice here but to do a full partition table scan.

If now wait again for the next AI task to strut its stuff:

SQL> select dbms_auto_index.report_last_activity() from dual;

DBMS_AUTO_INDEX.REPORT_LAST_ACTIVITY()
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Activity start              : 11-MAY-2022 11:42:42
Activity end                : 11-MAY-2022 11:43:13
Executions completed        : 1
Executions interrupted      : 0
Executions with fatal error : 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY (AUTO INDEXES)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index candidates                             : 0
Indexes created (visible / invisible)        : 1 (1 / 0)
Space used (visible / invisible)             : 192.94 MB (192.94 MB / 0 B)
Indexes dropped                              : 0
SQL statements verified                      : 4
SQL statements improved (improvement factor) : 1 (5573x)
SQL plan baselines created                   : 0
Overall improvement factor                   : 1.1x
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY (MANUAL INDEXES)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unused indexes   : 0
Space used       : 0 B
Unusable indexes : 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

INDEX DETAILS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following indexes were created:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------
| Owner | Table     | Index                | Key                      | Type   | Properties |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| BOWIE | BIG_ZIGGY | SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar | RELEASE_DATE,TOTAL_SALES | B-TREE | LOCAL      |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------


SQL> select index_name, partition_name, status from user_ind_partitions where index_name='SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar';

INDEX_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME       STATUS
------------------------------ -------------------- --------
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2015          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2016          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2017          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2018          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2019          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2020          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2021          USABLE
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2022          USABLE

The index partition is now automatically in a USABLE state again.

If we look at the index object data:

SQL> select object_name, subobject_name, to_char(created, 'dd-Mon-yy hh24:mi:ss') created, to_char(last_ddl_time, 'dd-Mon-yy hh24:mi:ss’)
last_ddl_time from dba_objects where object_name='SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar';

OBJECT_NAME                    SUBOBJECT_NAME       CREATED                     LAST_DDL_TIME
------------------------------ -------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2015          11-May-22 10:41:33          11-May-22 10:56:14
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2016          11-May-22 10:41:33          11-May-22 10:56:15
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2017          11-May-22 10:41:33          11-May-22 11:42:42
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2018          11-May-22 10:41:33          11-May-22 10:56:18
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2019          11-May-22 10:41:33          11-May-22 10:56:19
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2020          11-May-22 10:41:33          11-May-22 10:56:20
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2021          11-May-22 10:41:33          11-May-22 10:56:22
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar           ALBUMS_2022          11-May-22 10:41:33          11-May-22 10:56:22
SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar                                11-May-22 10:41:33          11-May-22 11:43:13

 

We can see that just the impacted index partition has been rebuilt.

The CBO can now successfully use the index to avoid the full partition table scan:

SQL> select * FROM big_ziggy where release_date = '01-JUN-2017' and total_sales = 123456;

no rows selected

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3640710173

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation                                  | Name                 | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     | Pstart | Pstop |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|  0 | SELECT STATEMENT                           |                      |    1 |    26 |      4 (0) | 00:00:01 |        |       |
|  1 | PARTITION RANGE SINGLE                     |                      |    1 |    26 |      4 (0) | 00:00:01 |      3 |     3 |
|  2 |  TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID BATCHED | BIG_ZIGGY            |    1 |    26 |      4 (0) | 00:00:01 |      3 |     3 |
|* 3 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN                         | SYS_AI_6wv99zdbsy8ar |    1 |       |      3 (0) | 00:00:01 |      3 |     3 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

3 - access("RELEASE_DATE"=TO_DATE(' 2017-06-01 00:00:00', 'syyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') AND "TOTAL_SALES"=123456)

Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0 recursive calls
          0 db block gets
          3 consistent gets
          0 physical reads
          0 redo size
        676 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
         41 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          1 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0 sorts (memory)
          0 sorts (disk)
          0 rows processed

 

I’ll leave it to the discernible reader to determine if this also works in the scenario where the partitioned index were to be global… 🙂

Comments»

1. Automatic Indexes: Automatically Rebuild Unusable Indexes Part III (“Waiting For The Man”) | Richard Foote's Oracle Blog - May 17, 2022

[…] discussed how Automatic Indexing (AI) will not only create missing indexes, but will also rebuild unusable indexes, be it a Global or Local […]

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